在 Flutter 应用中使用平台视图托管原生 iOS 视图
平台视图允许您在 Flutter 应用中嵌入原生视图,以便您可以从 Dart 对原生视图应用变换、剪辑和不透明度。
例如,这允许您直接在 Flutter 应用中使用 Android 和 iOS SDK 中的原生 Google 地图。
iOS 仅使用混合合成,这意味着原生 UIView
附加到视图层次结构。
要在 iOS 上创建平台视图,请使用以下说明
在 Dart 端
在 Dart 端,创建一个 Widget
并添加构建实现,如下面的步骤所示。
在 Dart 小部件文件中,进行类似于 native_view_example.dart
中所示的更改
-
添加以下导入
import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart'; import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
-
实现
build()
方法Widget build(BuildContext context) { // This is used in the platform side to register the view. const String viewType = '<platform-view-type>'; // Pass parameters to the platform side. final Map<String, dynamic> creationParams = <String, dynamic>{}; return UiKitView( viewType: viewType, layoutDirection: TextDirection.ltr, creationParams: creationParams, creationParamsCodec: const StandardMessageCodec(), ); }
有关更多信息,请参阅以下 API 文档:UIKitView
。
在平台端
在平台端,使用 Swift 或 Objective-C
实现工厂和平台视图。 FLNativeViewFactory
创建平台视图,而平台视图提供对 UIView
的引用。例如,FLNativeView.swift
import Flutter
import UIKit
class FLNativeViewFactory: NSObject, FlutterPlatformViewFactory {
private var messenger: FlutterBinaryMessenger
init(messenger: FlutterBinaryMessenger) {
self.messenger = messenger
super.init()
}
func create(
withFrame frame: CGRect,
viewIdentifier viewId: Int64,
arguments args: Any?
) -> FlutterPlatformView {
return FLNativeView(
frame: frame,
viewIdentifier: viewId,
arguments: args,
binaryMessenger: messenger)
}
/// Implementing this method is only necessary when the `arguments` in `createWithFrame` is not `nil`.
public func createArgsCodec() -> FlutterMessageCodec & NSObjectProtocol {
return FlutterStandardMessageCodec.sharedInstance()
}
}
class FLNativeView: NSObject, FlutterPlatformView {
private var _view: UIView
init(
frame: CGRect,
viewIdentifier viewId: Int64,
arguments args: Any?,
binaryMessenger messenger: FlutterBinaryMessenger?
) {
_view = UIView()
super.init()
// iOS views can be created here
createNativeView(view: _view)
}
func view() -> UIView {
return _view
}
func createNativeView(view _view: UIView){
_view.backgroundColor = UIColor.blue
let nativeLabel = UILabel()
nativeLabel.text = "Native text from iOS"
nativeLabel.textColor = UIColor.white
nativeLabel.textAlignment = .center
nativeLabel.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 180, height: 48.0)
_view.addSubview(nativeLabel)
}
}
最后,注册平台视图。这可以在应用或插件中完成。
对于应用注册,修改应用的 AppDelegate.swift
import Flutter
import UIKit
@UIApplicationMain
@objc class AppDelegate: FlutterAppDelegate {
override func application(
_ application: UIApplication,
didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplication.LaunchOptionsKey : Any]?
) -> Bool {
GeneratedPluginRegistrant.register(with: self)
weak var registrar = self.registrar(forPlugin: "plugin-name")
let factory = FLNativeViewFactory(messenger: registrar!.messenger())
self.registrar(forPlugin: "<plugin-name>")!.register(
factory,
withId: "<platform-view-type>")
return super.application(application, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions: launchOptions)
}
}
对于插件注册,修改插件的主文件(例如,FLPlugin.swift
)
import Flutter
import UIKit
class FLPlugin: NSObject, FlutterPlugin {
public static func register(with registrar: FlutterPluginRegistrar) {
let factory = FLNativeViewFactory(messenger: registrar.messenger())
registrar.register(factory, withId: "<platform-view-type>")
}
}
在 Objective-C 中,添加工厂和平台视图的标头。例如,如 FLNativeView.h
中所示
#import <Flutter/Flutter.h>
@interface FLNativeViewFactory : NSObject <FlutterPlatformViewFactory>
- (instancetype)initWithMessenger:(NSObject<FlutterBinaryMessenger>*)messenger;
@end
@interface FLNativeView : NSObject <FlutterPlatformView>
- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame
viewIdentifier:(int64_t)viewId
arguments:(id _Nullable)args
binaryMessenger:(NSObject<FlutterBinaryMessenger>*)messenger;
- (UIView*)view;
@end
实现工厂和平台视图。 FLNativeViewFactory
创建平台视图,而平台视图提供对 UIView
的引用。例如,FLNativeView.m
#import "FLNativeView.h"
@implementation FLNativeViewFactory {
NSObject<FlutterBinaryMessenger>* _messenger;
}
- (instancetype)initWithMessenger:(NSObject<FlutterBinaryMessenger>*)messenger {
self = [super init];
if (self) {
_messenger = messenger;
}
return self;
}
- (NSObject<FlutterPlatformView>*)createWithFrame:(CGRect)frame
viewIdentifier:(int64_t)viewId
arguments:(id _Nullable)args {
return [[FLNativeView alloc] initWithFrame:frame
viewIdentifier:viewId
arguments:args
binaryMessenger:_messenger];
}
/// Implementing this method is only necessary when the `arguments` in `createWithFrame` is not `nil`.
- (NSObject<FlutterMessageCodec>*)createArgsCodec {
return [FlutterStandardMessageCodec sharedInstance];
}
@end
@implementation FLNativeView {
UIView *_view;
}
- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame
viewIdentifier:(int64_t)viewId
arguments:(id _Nullable)args
binaryMessenger:(NSObject<FlutterBinaryMessenger>*)messenger {
if (self = [super init]) {
_view = [[UIView alloc] init];
}
return self;
}
- (UIView*)view {
return _view;
}
@end
最后,注册平台视图。这可以在应用或插件中完成。
对于应用注册,修改应用的 AppDelegate.m
#import "AppDelegate.h"
#import "FLNativeView.h"
#import "GeneratedPluginRegistrant.h"
@implementation AppDelegate
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application
didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
[GeneratedPluginRegistrant registerWithRegistry:self];
NSObject<FlutterPluginRegistrar>* registrar =
[self registrarForPlugin:@"plugin-name"];
FLNativeViewFactory* factory =
[[FLNativeViewFactory alloc] initWithMessenger:registrar.messenger];
[[self registrarForPlugin:@"<plugin-name>"] registerViewFactory:factory
withId:@"<platform-view-type>"];
return [super application:application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:launchOptions];
}
@end
对于插件注册,修改主插件文件(例如,FLPlugin.m
)
#import <Flutter/Flutter.h>
#import "FLNativeView.h"
@interface FLPlugin : NSObject<FlutterPlugin>
@end
@implementation FLPlugin
+ (void)registerWithRegistrar:(NSObject<FlutterPluginRegistrar>*)registrar {
FLNativeViewFactory* factory =
[[FLNativeViewFactory alloc] initWithMessenger:registrar.messenger];
[registrar registerViewFactory:factory withId:@"<platform-view-type>"];
}
@end
有关更多信息,请参阅以下 API 文档
将它们放在一起
在 Dart 中实现 build()
方法时,可以使用 defaultTargetPlatform
检测平台,并决定使用哪个小部件
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
// This is used in the platform side to register the view.
const String viewType = '<platform-view-type>';
// Pass parameters to the platform side.
final Map<String, dynamic> creationParams = <String, dynamic>{};
switch (defaultTargetPlatform) {
case TargetPlatform.android:
// return widget on Android.
case TargetPlatform.iOS:
// return widget on iOS.
default:
throw UnsupportedError('Unsupported platform view');
}
}
性能
Flutter 中的平台视图会带来性能权衡。
例如,在典型的 Flutter 应用中,Flutter UI 构成于一个专门的光栅线程。这使得 Flutter 应用运行快速,因为主平台线程很少被阻塞。
当平台视图使用混合构成渲染时,Flutter UI 从平台线程构成。平台线程与处理操作系统或插件消息等其他任务竞争。
当 iOS PlatformView 在屏幕上时,屏幕刷新率上限为 80fps,以避免渲染卡顿。
对于复杂的情况,有一些技术可用于缓解性能问题。
例如,可以在 Dart 中发生动画时使用占位纹理。换句话说,如果在渲染平台视图时动画很慢,那么可以考虑截取原生视图的屏幕截图并将其渲染为纹理。
构成限制
在构成 iOS Platform View 时有一些限制。
- 不支持
ShaderMask
和ColorFiltered
小部件。 - 支持
BackdropFilter
小部件,但对其使用方式有一些限制。有关更多详细信息,请查看 iOS Platform View Backdrop Filter Blur 设计文档。