删除互联网上的数据

此食谱介绍了如何使用 http 包通过互联网删除数据。

此食谱使用以下步骤

  1. 添加 http 包。
  2. 删除服务器上的数据。
  3. 更新屏幕。

1. 添加 http

#

要将 http 包添加为依赖项,请运行 flutter pub add

flutter pub add http

导入 http 包。

dart
import 'package:http/http.dart' as http;

2. 删除服务器上的数据

#

此食谱介绍了如何使用 http.delete() 方法从 JSONPlaceholder 删除专辑。请注意,这需要您要删除的专辑的 id。对于此示例,请使用您已知的任何内容,例如 id = 1

dart
Future<http.Response> deleteAlbum(String id) async {
  final http.Response response = await http.delete(
    Uri.parse('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/albums/$id'),
    headers: <String, String>{
      'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8',
    },
  );

  return response;
}

http.delete() 方法返回一个包含 ResponseFuture

  • Future 是一个用于处理异步操作的核心 Dart 类。Future 对象表示将来某个时间将可用的潜在值或错误。
  • http.Response 类包含从成功 http 调用接收的数据。
  • deleteAlbum() 方法接受一个 id 参数,该参数用于识别要从服务器删除的数据。

3. 更新屏幕

#

为了检查数据是否已删除,首先使用 http.get() 方法从 JSONPlaceholder 获取数据,并在屏幕上显示它。(有关完整示例,请参阅 获取数据 食谱。)您现在应该有一个 删除数据 按钮,当按下该按钮时,它会调用 deleteAlbum() 方法。

dart
Column(
  mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
  children: <Widget>[
    Text(snapshot.data?.title ?? 'Deleted'),
    ElevatedButton(
      child: const Text('Delete Data'),
      onPressed: () {
        setState(() {
          _futureAlbum =
              deleteAlbum(snapshot.data!.id.toString());
        });
      },
    ),
  ],
);

现在,当您单击 删除数据 按钮时,deleteAlbum() 方法被调用,您传递的 id 是您从互联网检索的数据的 id。这意味着您将删除从互联网获取的相同数据。

从 deleteAlbum() 方法返回响应

#

发出删除请求后,您可以从 deleteAlbum() 方法返回响应,以通知我们的屏幕数据已删除。

dart
Future<Album> deleteAlbum(String id) async {
  final http.Response response = await http.delete(
    Uri.parse('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/albums/$id'),
    headers: <String, String>{
      'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8',
    },
  );

  if (response.statusCode == 200) {
    // If the server did return a 200 OK response,
    // then return an empty Album. After deleting,
    // you'll get an empty JSON `{}` response.
    // Don't return `null`, otherwise `snapshot.hasData`
    // will always return false on `FutureBuilder`.
    return Album.empty();
  } else {
    // If the server did not return a "200 OK response",
    // then throw an exception.
    throw Exception('Failed to delete album.');
  }
}

FutureBuilder() 现在在收到响应时重建。由于如果请求成功,响应的正文中将没有任何数据,因此 Album.fromJson() 方法使用默认值(在本例中为 null)创建 Album 对象的实例。此行为可以根据您的需要进行更改。

就是这样!现在您有了从互联网删除数据的函数。

完整示例

#
dart
import 'dart:async';
import 'dart:convert';

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:http/http.dart' as http;

Future<Album> fetchAlbum() async {
  final response = await http.get(
    Uri.parse('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/albums/1'),
  );

  if (response.statusCode == 200) {
    // If the server did return a 200 OK response, then parse the JSON.
    return Album.fromJson(jsonDecode(response.body) as Map<String, dynamic>);
  } else {
    // If the server did not return a 200 OK response, then throw an exception.
    throw Exception('Failed to load album');
  }
}

Future<Album> deleteAlbum(String id) async {
  final http.Response response = await http.delete(
    Uri.parse('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/albums/$id'),
    headers: <String, String>{
      'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8',
    },
  );

  if (response.statusCode == 200) {
    // If the server did return a 200 OK response,
    // then return an empty Album. After deleting,
    // you'll get an empty JSON `{}` response.
    // Don't return `null`, otherwise `snapshot.hasData`
    // will always return false on `FutureBuilder`.
    return Album.empty();
  } else {
    // If the server did not return a "200 OK response",
    // then throw an exception.
    throw Exception('Failed to delete album.');
  }
}

class Album {
  int? id;
  String? title;

  Album({this.id, this.title});

  Album.empty();

  factory Album.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) {
    return switch (json) {
      {
        'id': int id,
        'title': String title,
      } =>
        Album(
          id: id,
          title: title,
        ),
      _ => throw const FormatException('Failed to load album.'),
    };
  }
}

void main() {
  runApp(const MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatefulWidget {
  const MyApp({super.key});

  @override
  State<MyApp> createState() {
    return _MyAppState();
  }
}

class _MyAppState extends State<MyApp> {
  late Future<Album> _futureAlbum;

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    _futureAlbum = fetchAlbum();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Delete Data Example',
      theme: ThemeData(
        colorScheme: ColorScheme.fromSeed(seedColor: Colors.deepPurple),
      ),
      home: Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(
          title: const Text('Delete Data Example'),
        ),
        body: Center(
          child: FutureBuilder<Album>(
            future: _futureAlbum,
            builder: (context, snapshot) {
              // If the connection is done,
              // check for response data or an error.
              if (snapshot.connectionState == ConnectionState.done) {
                if (snapshot.hasData) {
                  return Column(
                    mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
                    children: <Widget>[
                      Text(snapshot.data?.title ?? 'Deleted'),
                      ElevatedButton(
                        child: const Text('Delete Data'),
                        onPressed: () {
                          setState(() {
                            _futureAlbum =
                                deleteAlbum(snapshot.data!.id.toString());
                          });
                        },
                      ),
                    ],
                  );
                } else if (snapshot.hasError) {
                  return Text('${snapshot.error}');
                }
              }

              // By default, show a loading spinner.
              return const CircularProgressIndicator();
            },
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}