创建嵌套导航流程
随着时间的推移,应用程序会积累数十甚至数百个路由。您的一些路由作为顶级(全局)路由是有意义的。例如,"/“、"profile"、"contact"、"social_feed" 都是您应用程序中可能的顶级路由。但是,假设您在顶级 Navigator
小部件中定义了所有可能的路由。列表将非常长,并且其中许多路由最好在另一个小部件中嵌套处理。
考虑一个用于您使用应用程序控制的无线灯泡的物联网 (IoT) 设置流程。此设置流程包含 4 个页面:查找附近的灯泡、选择要添加的灯泡、添加灯泡,然后完成设置。您可以从顶级 Navigator
小部件协调此行为。但是,在 SetupFlow
小部件中定义第二个嵌套 Navigator
小部件,并让嵌套 Navigator
拥有设置流程中的 4 个页面更有意义。这种导航委托促进了更大的本地控制,这在开发软件时通常是更可取的。
以下动画显示了应用程序的行为
在本食谱中,您将实现一个四页的物联网设置流程,该流程在顶级 Navigator
小部件下方维护自己的嵌套导航。
准备导航
#此物联网应用程序有两个顶级屏幕,以及设置流程。将这些路由名称定义为常量,以便在代码中引用它们。
const routeHome = '/';
const routeSettings = '/settings';
const routePrefixDeviceSetup = '/setup/';
const routeDeviceSetupStart = '/setup/$routeDeviceSetupStartPage';
const routeDeviceSetupStartPage = 'find_devices';
const routeDeviceSetupSelectDevicePage = 'select_device';
const routeDeviceSetupConnectingPage = 'connecting';
const routeDeviceSetupFinishedPage = 'finished';
首页和设置屏幕使用静态名称进行引用。但是,设置流程页面使用两条路径来创建其路由名称:一个/setup/
前缀,后跟特定页面的名称。通过组合这两条路径,您的Navigator
可以确定路由名称是用于设置流程的,而无需识别与设置流程关联的所有单个页面。
顶级Navigator
不负责识别单个设置流程页面。因此,您的顶级Navigator
需要解析传入的路由名称以识别设置流程前缀。需要解析路由名称意味着您无法使用顶级Navigator
的routes
属性。相反,您必须为onGenerateRoute
属性提供一个函数。
实现onGenerateRoute
以返回三个顶级路径中每个路径的相应小部件。
onGenerateRoute: (settings) {
late Widget page;
if (settings.name == routeHome) {
page = const HomeScreen();
} else if (settings.name == routeSettings) {
page = const SettingsScreen();
} else if (settings.name!.startsWith(routePrefixDeviceSetup)) {
final subRoute =
settings.name!.substring(routePrefixDeviceSetup.length);
page = SetupFlow(
setupPageRoute: subRoute,
);
} else {
throw Exception('Unknown route: ${settings.name}');
}
return MaterialPageRoute<dynamic>(
builder: (context) {
return page;
},
settings: settings,
);
},
请注意,首页和设置路由与确切的路由名称匹配。但是,设置流程路由条件仅检查前缀。如果路由名称包含设置流程前缀,则路由名称的其余部分将被忽略并传递给SetupFlow
小部件进行处理。这种路由名称的拆分允许顶级Navigator
对设置流程中的各种子路由保持无知。
创建一个名为SetupFlow
的有状态小部件,它接受一个路由名称。
class SetupFlow extends StatefulWidget {
const SetupFlow({
super.key,
required this.setupPageRoute,
});
final String setupPageRoute;
@override
State<SetupFlow> createState() => SetupFlowState();
}
class SetupFlowState extends State<SetupFlow> {
//...
}
为设置流程显示应用栏
#设置流程显示一个持久应用程序栏,该应用程序栏出现在所有页面上。
从您的SetupFlow
小部件的build()
方法返回一个Scaffold
小部件,并包含所需的AppBar
小部件。
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
appBar: _buildFlowAppBar(),
body: const SizedBox(),
);
}
PreferredSizeWidget _buildFlowAppBar() {
return AppBar(
title: const Text('Bulb Setup'),
);
}
应用程序栏显示一个后退箭头,当按下后退箭头时退出设置流程。但是,退出流程会导致用户丢失所有进度。因此,系统会提示用户确认他们是否要退出设置流程。
提示用户确认退出设置流程,并确保在用户按下 Android 上的硬件后退按钮时出现提示。
Future<void> _onExitPressed() async {
final isConfirmed = await _isExitDesired();
if (isConfirmed && mounted) {
_exitSetup();
}
}
Future<bool> _isExitDesired() async {
return await showDialog<bool>(
context: context,
builder: (context) {
return AlertDialog(
title: const Text('Are you sure?'),
content: const Text(
'If you exit device setup, your progress will be lost.'),
actions: [
TextButton(
onPressed: () {
Navigator.of(context).pop(true);
},
child: const Text('Leave'),
),
TextButton(
onPressed: () {
Navigator.of(context).pop(false);
},
child: const Text('Stay'),
),
],
);
}) ??
false;
}
void _exitSetup() {
Navigator.of(context).pop();
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return PopScope(
canPop: false,
onPopInvoked: (didPop) async {
if (didPop) return;
if (await _isExitDesired() && context.mounted) {
_exitSetup();
}
},
child: Scaffold(
appBar: _buildFlowAppBar(),
body: const SizedBox(),
),
);
}
PreferredSizeWidget _buildFlowAppBar() {
return AppBar(
leading: IconButton(
onPressed: _onExitPressed,
icon: const Icon(Icons.chevron_left),
),
title: const Text('Bulb Setup'),
);
}
当用户点击应用程序栏中的后退箭头或按下 Android 上的后退按钮时,会弹出一个警报对话框以确认用户是否要离开设置流程。如果用户按下**离开**,则设置流程会将自身从顶级导航堆栈中弹出。如果用户按下**停留**,则操作将被忽略。
您可能会注意到Navigator.pop()
由**离开**和**停留**按钮都调用。需要明确的是,此pop()
操作将警报对话框从导航堆栈中弹出,而不是设置流程。
生成嵌套路由
#设置流程的工作是在流程中显示相应的页面。
在SetupFlow
中添加一个Navigator
小部件,并实现onGenerateRoute
属性。
final _navigatorKey = GlobalKey<NavigatorState>();
void _onDiscoveryComplete() {
_navigatorKey.currentState!.pushNamed(routeDeviceSetupSelectDevicePage);
}
void _onDeviceSelected(String deviceId) {
_navigatorKey.currentState!.pushNamed(routeDeviceSetupConnectingPage);
}
void _onConnectionEstablished() {
_navigatorKey.currentState!.pushNamed(routeDeviceSetupFinishedPage);
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return PopScope(
canPop: false,
onPopInvoked: (didPop) async {
if (didPop) return;
if (await _isExitDesired() && context.mounted) {
_exitSetup();
}
},
child: Scaffold(
appBar: _buildFlowAppBar(),
body: Navigator(
key: _navigatorKey,
initialRoute: widget.setupPageRoute,
onGenerateRoute: _onGenerateRoute,
),
),
);
}
Route _onGenerateRoute(RouteSettings settings) {
late Widget page;
switch (settings.name) {
case routeDeviceSetupStartPage:
page = WaitingPage(
message: 'Searching for nearby bulb...',
onWaitComplete: _onDiscoveryComplete,
);
case routeDeviceSetupSelectDevicePage:
page = SelectDevicePage(
onDeviceSelected: _onDeviceSelected,
);
case routeDeviceSetupConnectingPage:
page = WaitingPage(
message: 'Connecting...',
onWaitComplete: _onConnectionEstablished,
);
case routeDeviceSetupFinishedPage:
page = FinishedPage(
onFinishPressed: _exitSetup,
);
}
return MaterialPageRoute<dynamic>(
builder: (context) {
return page;
},
settings: settings,
);
}
_onGenerateRoute
函数的工作方式与顶级 Navigator
相同。一个 RouteSettings
对象被传递到函数中,其中包含路由的 name
。根据该路由名称,将返回四个流程页面中的一个。
第一个页面称为 find_devices
,它等待几秒钟以模拟网络扫描。等待时间结束后,页面调用其回调。在本例中,该回调是 _onDiscoveryComplete
。设置流程识别到,当设备发现完成时,应显示设备选择页面。因此,在 _onDiscoveryComplete
中,_navigatorKey
指示嵌套的 Navigator
导航到 select_device
页面。
select_device
页面要求用户从可用设备列表中选择一个设备。在本食谱中,只向用户展示了一个设备。当用户点击一个设备时,将调用 onDeviceSelected
回调。设置流程识别到,当选择了一个设备时,应显示连接页面。因此,在 _onDeviceSelected
中,_navigatorKey
指示嵌套的 Navigator
导航到 "connecting"
页面。
connecting
页面的工作方式与 find_devices
页面相同。connecting
页面等待几秒钟,然后调用其回调。在本例中,回调是 _onConnectionEstablished
。设置流程识别到,当建立连接时,应显示最终页面。因此,在 _onConnectionEstablished
中,_navigatorKey
指示嵌套的 Navigator
导航到 finished
页面。
finished
页面为用户提供了一个 **完成** 按钮。当用户点击 **完成** 时,将调用 _exitSetup
回调,该回调将从顶级 Navigator
堆栈中弹出整个设置流程,将用户带回主屏幕。
恭喜!您已实现具有四个子路由的嵌套导航。
交互式示例
#运行应用程序
- 在 **添加您的第一个灯泡** 屏幕上,点击 FAB,它显示为加号 **+**。这将带您到 **选择附近的设备** 屏幕。列出了一个灯泡。
- 点击列出的灯泡。将出现一个 **已完成!** 屏幕。
- 点击 **完成** 按钮返回到第一个屏幕。
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
const routeHome = '/';
const routeSettings = '/settings';
const routePrefixDeviceSetup = '/setup/';
const routeDeviceSetupStart = '/setup/$routeDeviceSetupStartPage';
const routeDeviceSetupStartPage = 'find_devices';
const routeDeviceSetupSelectDevicePage = 'select_device';
const routeDeviceSetupConnectingPage = 'connecting';
const routeDeviceSetupFinishedPage = 'finished';
void main() {
runApp(
MaterialApp(
theme: ThemeData(
brightness: Brightness.dark,
appBarTheme: const AppBarTheme(
backgroundColor: Colors.blue,
),
floatingActionButtonTheme: const FloatingActionButtonThemeData(
backgroundColor: Colors.blue,
),
),
onGenerateRoute: (settings) {
late Widget page;
if (settings.name == routeHome) {
page = const HomeScreen();
} else if (settings.name == routeSettings) {
page = const SettingsScreen();
} else if (settings.name!.startsWith(routePrefixDeviceSetup)) {
final subRoute =
settings.name!.substring(routePrefixDeviceSetup.length);
page = SetupFlow(
setupPageRoute: subRoute,
);
} else {
throw Exception('Unknown route: ${settings.name}');
}
return MaterialPageRoute<dynamic>(
builder: (context) {
return page;
},
settings: settings,
);
},
debugShowCheckedModeBanner: false,
),
);
}
@immutable
class SetupFlow extends StatefulWidget {
static SetupFlowState of(BuildContext context) {
return context.findAncestorStateOfType<SetupFlowState>()!;
}
const SetupFlow({
super.key,
required this.setupPageRoute,
});
final String setupPageRoute;
@override
SetupFlowState createState() => SetupFlowState();
}
class SetupFlowState extends State<SetupFlow> {
final _navigatorKey = GlobalKey<NavigatorState>();
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
}
void _onDiscoveryComplete() {
_navigatorKey.currentState!.pushNamed(routeDeviceSetupSelectDevicePage);
}
void _onDeviceSelected(String deviceId) {
_navigatorKey.currentState!.pushNamed(routeDeviceSetupConnectingPage);
}
void _onConnectionEstablished() {
_navigatorKey.currentState!.pushNamed(routeDeviceSetupFinishedPage);
}
Future<void> _onExitPressed() async {
final isConfirmed = await _isExitDesired();
if (isConfirmed && mounted) {
_exitSetup();
}
}
Future<bool> _isExitDesired() async {
return await showDialog<bool>(
context: context,
builder: (context) {
return AlertDialog(
title: const Text('Are you sure?'),
content: const Text(
'If you exit device setup, your progress will be lost.'),
actions: [
TextButton(
onPressed: () {
Navigator.of(context).pop(true);
},
child: const Text('Leave'),
),
TextButton(
onPressed: () {
Navigator.of(context).pop(false);
},
child: const Text('Stay'),
),
],
);
}) ??
false;
}
void _exitSetup() {
Navigator.of(context).pop();
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return PopScope(
canPop: false,
onPopInvoked: (didPop) async {
if (didPop) return;
if (await _isExitDesired() && context.mounted) {
_exitSetup();
}
},
child: Scaffold(
appBar: _buildFlowAppBar(),
body: Navigator(
key: _navigatorKey,
initialRoute: widget.setupPageRoute,
onGenerateRoute: _onGenerateRoute,
),
),
);
}
Route _onGenerateRoute(RouteSettings settings) {
late Widget page;
switch (settings.name) {
case routeDeviceSetupStartPage:
page = WaitingPage(
message: 'Searching for nearby bulb...',
onWaitComplete: _onDiscoveryComplete,
);
case routeDeviceSetupSelectDevicePage:
page = SelectDevicePage(
onDeviceSelected: _onDeviceSelected,
);
case routeDeviceSetupConnectingPage:
page = WaitingPage(
message: 'Connecting...',
onWaitComplete: _onConnectionEstablished,
);
case routeDeviceSetupFinishedPage:
page = FinishedPage(
onFinishPressed: _exitSetup,
);
}
return MaterialPageRoute<dynamic>(
builder: (context) {
return page;
},
settings: settings,
);
}
PreferredSizeWidget _buildFlowAppBar() {
return AppBar(
leading: IconButton(
onPressed: _onExitPressed,
icon: const Icon(Icons.chevron_left),
),
title: const Text('Bulb Setup'),
);
}
}
class SelectDevicePage extends StatelessWidget {
const SelectDevicePage({
super.key,
required this.onDeviceSelected,
});
final void Function(String deviceId) onDeviceSelected;
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
body: Center(
child: Padding(
padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 24),
child: Column(
mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
children: [
Text(
'Select a nearby device:',
style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.titleLarge,
),
const SizedBox(height: 24),
SizedBox(
width: double.infinity,
height: 54,
child: ElevatedButton(
style: ButtonStyle(
backgroundColor: WidgetStateColor.resolveWith((states) {
return const Color(0xFF222222);
}),
),
onPressed: () {
onDeviceSelected('22n483nk5834');
},
child: const Text(
'Bulb 22n483nk5834',
style: TextStyle(
fontSize: 24,
),
),
),
),
],
),
),
),
);
}
}
class WaitingPage extends StatefulWidget {
const WaitingPage({
super.key,
required this.message,
required this.onWaitComplete,
});
final String message;
final VoidCallback onWaitComplete;
@override
State<WaitingPage> createState() => _WaitingPageState();
}
class _WaitingPageState extends State<WaitingPage> {
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
_startWaiting();
}
Future<void> _startWaiting() async {
await Future<dynamic>.delayed(const Duration(seconds: 3));
if (mounted) {
widget.onWaitComplete();
}
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
body: Center(
child: Padding(
padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 24),
child: Column(
mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
children: [
const CircularProgressIndicator(),
const SizedBox(height: 32),
Text(widget.message),
],
),
),
),
);
}
}
class FinishedPage extends StatelessWidget {
const FinishedPage({
super.key,
required this.onFinishPressed,
});
final VoidCallback onFinishPressed;
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
body: Center(
child: Padding(
padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 24),
child: Column(
mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
children: [
Container(
width: 250,
height: 250,
decoration: const BoxDecoration(
shape: BoxShape.circle,
color: Color(0xFF222222),
),
child: const Center(
child: Icon(
Icons.lightbulb,
size: 175,
color: Colors.white,
),
),
),
const SizedBox(height: 32),
const Text(
'Bulb added!',
textAlign: TextAlign.center,
style: TextStyle(
fontSize: 24,
fontWeight: FontWeight.bold,
),
),
const SizedBox(height: 32),
ElevatedButton(
style: ButtonStyle(
padding: WidgetStateProperty.resolveWith((states) {
return const EdgeInsets.symmetric(
horizontal: 24, vertical: 12);
}),
backgroundColor: WidgetStateColor.resolveWith((states) {
return const Color(0xFF222222);
}),
shape: WidgetStateProperty.resolveWith((states) {
return const StadiumBorder();
}),
),
onPressed: onFinishPressed,
child: const Text(
'Finish',
style: TextStyle(
fontSize: 24,
),
),
),
],
),
),
),
);
}
}
@immutable
class HomeScreen extends StatelessWidget {
const HomeScreen({
super.key,
});
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
appBar: _buildAppBar(context),
body: Center(
child: Padding(
padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 24),
child: Column(
mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
children: [
Container(
width: 250,
height: 250,
decoration: const BoxDecoration(
shape: BoxShape.circle,
color: Color(0xFF222222),
),
child: Center(
child: Icon(
Icons.lightbulb,
size: 175,
color: Theme.of(context).scaffoldBackgroundColor,
),
),
),
const SizedBox(height: 32),
const Text(
'Add your first bulb',
textAlign: TextAlign.center,
style: TextStyle(
fontSize: 24,
fontWeight: FontWeight.bold,
),
),
],
),
),
),
floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
onPressed: () {
Navigator.of(context).pushNamed(routeDeviceSetupStart);
},
child: const Icon(Icons.add),
),
);
}
PreferredSizeWidget _buildAppBar(BuildContext context) {
return AppBar(
title: const Text('Welcome'),
actions: [
IconButton(
icon: const Icon(Icons.settings),
onPressed: () {
Navigator.pushNamed(context, routeSettings);
},
),
],
);
}
}
class SettingsScreen extends StatelessWidget {
const SettingsScreen({
super.key,
});
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
appBar: _buildAppBar(),
body: SingleChildScrollView(
child: Column(
mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
children: List.generate(8, (index) {
return Container(
width: double.infinity,
height: 54,
margin: const EdgeInsets.only(left: 16, right: 16, top: 16),
decoration: BoxDecoration(
borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(8),
color: const Color(0xFF222222),
),
);
}),
),
),
);
}
PreferredSizeWidget _buildAppBar() {
return AppBar(
title: const Text('Settings'),
);
}
}